by Jerri Graham
As everyone knows, a well-balanced breakfast allows people to perform at their peak. Some start their mornings with a sandwich, others opt for a dan bing, and _(1)_ choose cereal.
The first cereal that resembles _(2)_ is eaten nowadays was invented in America in 1863. At the time, breakfast for many Americans was made up of animal products like eggs, bacon, and sausage. _(3)_, digestion problems were fairly common. Faced with many constipated patrons, the owner of a health farm came up with Granula. This high-fiber bran cereal got the bowels moving but was not convenient _(4)_ it had to soak overnight before it was soft enough to be eaten.
As accidents may _(5)_ greatness, a common breakfast cereal was actually a mistake. Harvey Kellogg, another health farm operator, had boiled some wheat. After rolling it out and leaving it overnight, he awoke to find his table covered in wheat flakes.
At first, cereals were marketed towards health-_(6)_ customers. But, shortly after the Second World War, cereal companies started targeting children. _(7)_ lots of sugar and toy surprises in every box, sales of cereals increased. Times have changed and now most cereals for children have added vitamins and minerals to make them more nutritious.
Whether you like it hot or cold, in a bag or bowl, breakfast is doubtlessly the most important meal of the day.
1. (A) some others (B) still others (C) many others (D) more others
2. (A) all (B) anything (C) what (D) which
3. (A) Instead (B) Similarly (C) Thereafter (D) Consequently
4. (A) given that (B) as if (C) even though (D) ever since
5. (A) lie in (B) take place (C) lead to (D) come to pass
6. (A) sense (B) conscious (C) basis (D) conscience
7. (A) By adding (B) Adding (C) Added (D) To add
1. Some start their..., others opt for..., and still others choose cereal.
理由:
a. 本空格測試下列固定用法：
some...others...still others...
一些……另一些……還有一些……（用於非限定的三個群體）
例: On the weekend, some people enjoy outdoor activities, others go to the movies, and still others prefer to stay at home and do nothing.
（週末期間，有些人喜歡從事戶外活動，另一些會去看電影，還有一些則喜歡待在家，什麼都不做。）
b. 根據上述，可知 (A)、(C)、(D) 均不可選，故應選(B)。
2. The first cereal that resembles what is eaten...
理由:
a. 空格前是及物動詞 resembles（相像），空格後是 be 動詞 is，可知空格內填入的字必須作 resembles 的受詞，同時兼作 is 的主詞。
b. (A) all 和 (B) anything 為代名詞，無上述功能，故不可選。(D) which 為關係代名詞，雖然可以作為 is 的主詞，但之前必須有先行詞（名詞），作為 resembles 的受詞，故亦不可選。
c. (C) what 為複合關係代名詞，等於 the thing(s) which，既可作 resembles 的受詞，又可在引導的形容詞子句中作主詞，符合用法，可知應選 (C)。
3. At the time, breakfast...like eggs, bacon, and sausage. Consequently, digestion problems were fairly common.
理由:
a. (A) instead adv.（反）而
(B) similarly adv. 相似地；同樣地
例: In this restaurant, men must wear a shirt and tie. Similarly, women must wear a skirt or dress.
（在這家餐廳用餐，男士必須穿襯衫打領帶。同樣地，女士得穿裙子或洋裝。）
(C) thereafter adv. 之後
(D) consequently adv. 結果
例: We talked until the early hours of the morning, and consequently, I was late for class.
（我們一直聊到清晨，結果我上課遲到了。）
b. 根據語意，可知應選 (D)。
4. This high-fiber bran cereal...was not convenient given that it had to soak overnight...to be eaten.
理由:
a. (A) given that + S + V 考慮到……
例: He isn't too smart given that he's flunked out of college twice.
（考慮到他被大學退兩次學，可見他不怎麼聰明。）
(B) as if + S + V 彷彿……
(C) even though + S + V 雖然……
(D) ever since + S + V 自從……
注意:
(ever) since 作副詞連接詞時，引導過去式的副詞子句，修飾完成（進行）式的主要子句。
例: Ever since I met her for the first time, she has been fat.
（從我第一次見到她開始，她就一直這麼胖。）
b. 根據語意、用法，可知應選 (A)。
5. As accidents may lead to greatness...
理由:
a. (A) lie in... 在於……
例: The key to success lies in your ability to make things happen.
（成功的關鍵在於你讓事情實現的能力。）
(B) take place 發生
(C) lead to N/V-ing 導致∕造成……
(D) come to pass 發生
例: How exactly did that tragedy come to pass?
（這場悲劇到底是怎麼發生的？）
b. 空格後有受詞 greatness，而 (B)、(D) 為不及物動詞片語，故不可選。(A)、(C) 均為及物片語動詞，但根據語意，可知應選 (C)。
6. At first, cereals were marketed towards health-conscious customers.
理由:
a. (A) sense n. 知覺；感官
(B) -conscious a. 有……意識∕概念的；注重……的
注意:
-conscious 之前可與少數名詞並用，形成複合形容詞，例如：
health-conscious 注重健康的
fashion-conscious 注重流行的
money-conscious 金錢觀念很強的
safety-conscious 有安全意識的
(C) basis n. 基礎
(D) conscience n. 良心
b. 根據語意及用法，可知應選 (B)。
7. By adding lots of sugar and toy surprises in every box, sales of cereals increased.
理由:
a. By V-ing, S + V 藉由……，……
注意:
"By V-ing" 為介詞 by 引導的副詞片語，修飾之後的整個主要子句。因此句首的 By adding lots of sugar...（藉由添加許多糖分……）修飾之後的 sales of cereals increased（銷售量隨之大增），合乎文法、語意，可知應選 (A)。
例: By putting on her best dress, Kate hoped to impress her date.
（藉著穿上最美的洋裝，凱特希望能給約會對象一個好印象。）
b. (B) 選項的 Adding（添加）是現在分詞，置入空格後，形成分詞片語，修飾之後主要子句的主詞 sales（銷售），如此形成：『麥片銷售自己會添加許多糖分……，所以麥片銷售量增加了。』的荒謬語意，故 (B) 不可選。
c. (C) 選項的 Added（被添加）是過去分詞，而由於 add 是及物動詞，形成被動語態時，其後須有介詞 to，因此 (C) 不合文法而不可選。
d. To V, S + V 為了……，……
注意:
不定詞片語置於句首時，表『為了……目的』。To add（為了要添加……）置入空格後不合語意，故 (D) 亦不可選。
例: To avoid getting into an accident, William took a taxi home after he drank a few beers.
（幾瓶啤酒下肚後，威廉搭計程車回家，以避免發生車禍。）
But, shortly after the Second World War, cereal companies started targeting children.
注意:
before 或 after 常與 right（立刻），immediately（立刻），shortly（沒多久），long（很久）等副詞並用，形成下列句構：
right/immediately/shortly/long + before/after 引導的介詞片語或副詞子句
在……之前∕之後立刻∕沒多久∕很久
例: Right after he broke up with his girlfriend, Jason dated a new girl.
（和女友分手後，傑森馬上另結新歡。）
例: Long before you started working here, I was in charge of everything.
（早在你來這裡工作之前，所有事情都歸我管。）
1. As everyone knows, S + V 大家都知道∕眾所週知，……
=As is known to everyone, S + V
注意:
在上述用法中，as 為關係代名詞，用以代替句中的主要子句，且其所引導的形容詞子句可置於主要子句之前或之後。此處的 as 亦可等於關係代名詞which，然而 which 引導的形容詞子句只可置於主要子句之後。
例: As everyone knows, the sun rises in the east.
= The sun rises in the east, as everyone knows.
= The sun rises in the east, which everyone knows.
（我們都知道，太陽從東邊升起。）
2. opt for... 選擇……
opt to V 選擇做……
例: Don't always opt for the easy option. Do something difficult.
（不要老是挑軟柿子吃。做點有困難度的事情吧。）
3. be faced with... 面對……
例: Shelly is faced with a difficult decision about her future.
（雪莉面對關於自己未來的困難抉擇。）
4. roll...out/roll out... 將……擀平
例: The baker rolled the dough out and then let it rise for three hours.
（該麵包師傅將麵糰擀平，然後讓它發酵三小時。）
5. target vt. 鎖定 & n. 目標
例: The program is targeted to children under the age of three.
（這課程目標鎖定三歲以下孩童。）
6. doubtlessly adv. 無疑地
= undoubtedly
= no doubt
例: You'll doubtlessly win the prize. You're the best writer in the group.
（你鐵定會得獎。你是這組中寫得最好的。）
1. cereal n.（常與牛奶一起食用的早餐）榖類食品
2. well-balanced a.（營養）均衡的
3. resemble vt. 相像
4. sausage n. 香腸
5. digestion n. 消化
6. constipated a. 患便秘的
constipation n. 便秘
7. patron n. 顧客
8. bran n. 麥麩，榖皮
9. bowel n. 腸（道）
move the bowels 排便
10. soak vi. 浸泡
11. awake vi. 醒來
12. flake n. 薄片
13. market vt. 銷售
14. vitamin n. 維他命
15. mineral n. 礦物質
16. nutritious a. 有營養的
1. at one's peak 某人的顛峰
2. be made up of... 由……組成；包含……
= be composed of...
= consist of...
3. come up with... 想出……
4. be covered in/with... 被……覆蓋
大家都知道，營養均衡的早餐讓人們的運作保持在最佳狀態。有些人吃三明治展開一天，另一些人吃蛋餅，還有一些人則選擇榖類麥片當早餐。
和我們今天吃的榖類麥片相似的榖類食品是於 1863 年在美國發明出來的。在當時，很多美國人的早餐都是動物製品，像是蛋、培根和香腸等，結果消化毛病就相當普遍。面對許多為便秘所苦的顧客，一家健康農場的主人發明了Granula。這種高纖麥麩片能讓腸胃蠕動，但卻不甚方便，因為需要浸泡一整夜讓它軟化才能食用。
意外有時會導致偉大的事蹟，再普通不過的早餐麥片其實是個誤打誤撞的結果。另一名健康農場的經營者哈維‧凱洛格煮了一些麥子，擀平之後放置一個晚上，結果醒來後他發現他的桌面上覆蓋了一層麥片。
榖類麥片起初以注重健康的顧客為銷售對象。不過，第二次世界大戰後不久，榖類麥片廠商開始鎖定兒童顧客群。藉由添加許多糖分和隨盒附贈玩具，銷售量隨之大增。隨著時間改變，現在大多數兒童食用的榖類麥片會添加維他命和礦物質來強化其營養價值。
不管你喜歡冷的還是熱的，袋裝還是盒裝，早餐無疑都是一天中最重要的一餐。
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